Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa
Mu 2021, ingaruka z'icyorezo cya COVID-19 zarakomeje.Inganda zikoreshwa mu bikoresho zahuye n’ibibazo byinshi, nk’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, kuzamuka kw'ibiciro fatizo, kuzamuka kw'ibiciro mpuzamahanga by’ibikoresho, guhagarika imiyoboro itangwa, no gushimira amafaranga.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo rwatsinze ingorane kandi rutera imbere, rugaragaza imbaraga zikomeye z’iterambere.Amafaranga yinjira mu bucuruzi buri mwaka yageze ku iterambere ryihuse, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byarenze miliyari 100 z'amadolari.Inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo mu Bushinwa zubahiriza inzira y’iterambere ryiza kandi zigenda zerekeza ku ntego yo kuba “umuyobozi mu bikoresho byo mu rugo ku isi mu guhanga ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga”.
Gukura gushikamye mubibazo, gutwarwa nibyiciro bishya
Imikorere y’inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo mu 2021 zifite ibintu byinshi biranga:
1.Amafaranga yinjira mu nganda yageze ku iterambere ryihuse.Amafaranga yinjiza mu bucuruzi bw’inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo mu 2021 yari tiriyoni 1.73, yu mwaka ku mwaka yiyongereyeho 15.5%, ahanini biterwa n’ibanze buke mu gihe kimwe cya 2020 no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
2.Iterambere ry’inyungu ryaragabanutse cyane ugereranije n’ibyinjira, hamwe n’inyungu ingana na miliyari 121.8 yu mwaka, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 4.5%.Ibintu byinshi nkibikoresho fatizo byinshi, kohereza no kuvunja byagize ingaruka mbi ku nyungu yikigo.
3.Isoko ryimbere mu gihugu risa neza, kandi kuzamuka kwisoko ryibicuruzwa gakondo ni ntege nke, ariko haribintu byinshi byingenzi byagaragaye, bigaragarira mukuzamura imiterere yimiterere yibicuruzwa no gukundwa kw ibikoresho gakondo byo murugo byujuje ubuziranenge ku isoko;Byongeye kandi, ibyuma byumye, amashyiga ahuriweho, koza ibikoresho, koza hasi, robot zohanagura hasi nibindi byiciro bigenda byiyongera cyane.
4.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biratera imbere.Ibyiza by’inganda zose z’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiro bikenerwa mu rugo ku isi ndetse n’ingaruka zo gusimbuza umusaruro w’Ubushinwa, byatumye ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibikoresho byo mu rugo byuzuye.Amakuru ya gasutamo yerekana ko mu 2021, inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa zarenze ku madolari miliyoni 100 ku nshuro ya mbere, zigera kuri miliyari 104.4 z'amadolari, umwaka ushize wiyongera 24.7%.
Ihangane igitutu cya gatatu
Icyorezo cy’isi yose kiracyakwirakwira, kandi hari byinshi bimaze kugerwaho mu gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo cy’imbere mu gihugu, ariko icyorezo gito kandi gikunze kugaragara kiracyafite ingaruka ku kuzamuka kw’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu.Inzitizi eshatu zo kugabanuka kw'ibisabwa, ihungabana ry'ibicuruzwa no kugabanuka kw'ibyifuzo byagaragaye mu nama nkuru y’ubukungu hagati mu 2021 ibaho mu nganda zikoreshwa mu rugo.
Igitutu cyo kugabanya ibyifuzo: isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rifite intege nke, kandi hariho iterambere ryisubiraho gusa mugihembwe cyambere cya 2021. Kuva igice cya kabiri cyumwaka, umuvuduko wubwiyongere wagabanutse cyane, kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byo murugo biragaragara ko biri mukibazo .Nk’uko imibare ya Aowei ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2021 igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa by’ibikoresho byo mu rugo cyari miliyari 760.3, cyiyongereyeho 3,6%, ariko igabanuka rya 7.4% ugereranije na 2019. Kugeza ubu, icyorezo cy’imbere mu gihugu cyagarutsweho kuva igihe, kandi gukumira no kugenzura byinjiye mubisanzwe, bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire yabaguzi no kwigirira ikizere.
Isoko ryo guhungabana: icyorezo cyatumye inzitizi zitangwa ku isi, ibiciro biri hejuru y’ibikoresho fatizo no kohereza, gukoresha cyane amashanyarazi mu nganda, ndetse n’ingaruka zo kuzamuka kw’amafaranga.Ubwiyongere bw'amafaranga n'inyungu by'ibigo byinshi bikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo byaragabanutse, inyungu zaragabanutse, kandi kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo byagabanutse vuba aha.
Biteganijwe ko igitutu kigabanuka: kuva mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2021, izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa, ryerekanye ibimenyetso byerekana umuvuduko.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi buhoro buhoro ku isi, igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho byo mu rugo byoherezwa mu mahanga wagabanutse ukwezi ku kwezi, kandi imikorere y’ibikoresho byo mu rugo yerekanaga ko iri hejuru cyane na nyuma yaho.Muri 2022, nyuma yimyaka ibiri yiterambere ryinshi, ibyifuzo mpuzamahanga ntibizwi.
Mu ntangiriro za 2022, ingaruka z'icyorezo ziracyahari.Icyorezo mu myaka ibiri ikurikiranye cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda nyinshi.Imikorere yinganda nyinshi, cyane cyane imishinga mito n'iciriritse, iragoye, amafaranga yabaturage agira ingaruka, ingufu zabakoresha ziracika intege, ikizere cyo gukoresha ntigihagije, kandi igitutu cyibisabwa ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu kiracyari kinini.N'ubwo Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima hamwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu gukumira icyorezo baherutse kwerekana ko hari icyizere cyo kurangiza iki cyorezo mu 2022, haracyari ukutamenya niba icyorezo gishobora kurangira vuba, kandi inganda zigomba kuba ziteguye guhangana n'ibibazo bitandukanye. .
Kugira ngo imirimo ikorwe mu 2022, inama nkuru y’imirimo y’ubukungu yasabye ko hibandwa ku gushimangira isoko ry’ubukungu bw’ubukungu, gukomeza gukora akazi keza mu kazi ka “stabilite esheshatu” na “garanti esheshatu”, gukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa imisoro mishya kandi kugabanya amafaranga ku masoko, kunoza ivugurura mubice byingenzi, gushimangira ubuzima bwisoko nimbaraga zitera imbaraga ziterambere, no gukoresha uburyo bushingiye kumasoko kugirango bashishikarize gushora imishinga mishya.Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa umwuka w’inama, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura iherutse gutanga itangazo ryerekeye gukora akazi keza mu guteza imbere ibicuruzwa mu minsi ya vuba, gutera inkunga ibigo nkibikoresho byo mu rugo n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo gukora ibikorwa byo “gusimbuza ibya kera hamwe n’ibishya ”na“ gusimbuza ibya kera n’abatereranywe ”, gushimangira kumenyekanisha no gusobanura urwego rw’ubuzima bwiza bwa serivisi z’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, no gushishikariza kuvugurura mu buryo bwuzuye ibikoresho byo mu rugo.Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yatanze amabwiriza yo kwihutisha iyubakwa rya sisitemu y’inganda zigezweho (Draft for comments), iteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, guhanga udushya no kuzamura, guhindura imibare no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo rwatsi mu bikoresho byo mu rugo. inganda.Twizera ko hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki yo “gushaka amajyambere no kubungabunga umutekano” y’inama nkuru y’imirimo y’ubukungu, biteganijwe ko igitutu cya gatatu kizagabanuka mu 2022.
Kugirango iterambere ryinganda muri 2022, twibwira ko dukwiye kwitondera ingingo eshatu zikurikira.Ubwa mbere, uhereye ku iterambere ryihuse ryibicuruzwa nkimashini zo gukaraba hasi mu 2021, ntago bigoye kubona ko nubwo haba hari umuvuduko ukabije wo kumanuka, isoko ryatewe nicyiciro gishya hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya riracyakomeye.Ibigo bigomba gukomeza gushimangira udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kwiga ibyifuzo by’abaguzi n’ibibazo bibabaza, kandi bigahora bitera imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry’inganda.Icya kabiri, mu 2021, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byarenze miliyari 100 z'amadolari kandi bihagaze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka ibiri ikurikiranye.Biteganijwe ko bizagorana gukomeza gukora ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2022, kandi umuvuduko wo kumanuka uziyongera.Ibigo bigomba kurushaho kwitonda muburyo bwabyo.Icya gatatu, witondere uburyo bushya bwiterambere bwo kuzamura iterambere ryimbere mu gihugu no mumahanga.Gukomeza gutera imbere kw'isoko ry'abaguzi bo mu gihugu mu myaka yashize byatumye imishinga imwe n'imwe yakundaga kwibanda ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa zagize ingano nini yerekana isoko ry’isi kugeza ubu.Kwibanda ku isoko rimwe gusa ntibishobora guhura niterambere rirambye ryinganda.Muri iki gihe, dukwiye kwita cyane kubitekerezo byiterambere byimbere mu gihugu no mumahanga.
Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza heza binyuze mu guhanga udushya
Ntidukwiye guhangana gusa ningorane ningorane, ahubwo tunashimangira icyizere.Mu gihe kirekire, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa burahangana, kandi ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’igihe kirekire ntirizahinduka.Mugihe cy "gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka 5", icyiciro gishya cyimpinduramatwara yubumenyi nikoranabuhanga no kuvugurura inganda byateye imbere byimbitse.Ikoranabuhanga rishya rizateza imbere impinduka zikomeye mu nganda gakondo zikora inganda, byihutishe umuvuduko wo guhanga udushya mu bucuruzi, kwerekana ibiranga ibyiciro no kwimenyekanisha ku isoko ry’abaguzi, kandi hari amahirwe mashya yo kwiteza imbere mu guteza imbere inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo.
1.Ubwa mbere, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga bizamura ubushobozi bwo guhangana mu nganda zikoreshwa mu rugo mu Bushinwa.Guhanga ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga niyo nzira yonyine y’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo zigere ku iterambere ryiza.Inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa ziharanira gushimangira ubushakashatsi n’udushya twambere, no kubaka uburyo bushya bushingiye ku isoko ry’isi ndetse n’abakoresha;Haranira kunoza ubushobozi bushya bwo guhanga udushya twinganda zinganda, utere intambwe mubuhanga bwibanze hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryingenzi, kandi utsinde ikibaho kigufi na tekinoroji "ijosi".
2.Icyakabiri, gukoresha bikunda kuba moda, ubwenge, byiza kandi byiza, kandi ibyiciro bizavuka bizakomeza kwiyongera.Mu gihe giciriritse kandi kirekire, kurushaho kunoza igipimo cy’imijyi y’Ubushinwa, guteza imbere byihuse politiki rusange y’iterambere ry’iterambere no kumenyekanisha imibereho myiza y’abaturage nka pansiyo n’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi bizatanga ubufasha mu kuzamura ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa.Muburyo rusange bwo kuzamura ibicuruzwa, byujuje ubuziranenge, byihariye, bigezweho, byiza, byubwenge, ubuzima bwiza nibindi byiciro bivuka hamwe nibisubizo byerekana bihuye neza nibyifuzo byabantu bagabanijwe binyuze mubuhanga bwa tekinoloji nubuhanga kandi ubushakashatsi bwabaguzi buzatera imbere byihuse kandi bihinduke imbaraga nyamukuru zitwara isoko ryabaguzi.
3.Icya gatatu, kwaguka kwisi yose mubushinwa ibikoresho bikoresha ibikoresho byo murugo bihura niterambere rishya.Icyorezo hamwe n’ibidukikije bigoye kandi bihindagurika Ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi byazanye ibintu byinshi bidashidikanywaho mu iterambere ry’ubukungu kandi bigira ingaruka ku ruhererekane rw’inganda ku isi ndetse no gutanga amasoko.Ariko, hamwe nogutezimbere ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa, uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutanga amasoko mu nganda, inyungu zambere zo guhindura ubwenge n’ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gushishoza bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rishya bizafasha mu kongera imbaraga za Ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo by’Ubushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
4. Icya kane, uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo murugo ruzahindurwa byimazeyo icyatsi na karuboni nkeya.Ubushinwa bwinjije impinga ya karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone muburyo rusange bwo kubaka ibidukikije.Mugihe ibyifuzo byabaguzi, inganda zikoreshwa murugo zigomba guhinduka byimazeyo icyatsi na karuboni nkeya mubijyanye nimiterere yinganda, imiterere yibicuruzwa nuburyo bwa serivisi.Ku ruhande rumwe, binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no mu micungire, kunoza gahunda yo gukora icyatsi no kumenya kubungabunga ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya no kugabanya karubone muri gahunda zose;Ku rundi ruhande, binyuze mu guhanga udushya, kwagura uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bibisi na karuboni nkeya, ushigikira igitekerezo cyo gukoresha icyatsi na karuboni nkeya, kandi ufashe ubuzima bwatsi nicyatsi gito.
5.Icya gatanu, uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo murugo bizihutisha ihinduka rya digitale kandi rirusheho kunoza urwego rwibikorwa byubwenge.Kwishyira hamwe byimbitse hamwe na 5g, ubwenge bwubukorikori, amakuru manini, kubara mudasobwa hamwe nubundi buryo bushya bwikoranabuhanga kugira ngo tugere ku iterambere ryuzuye mu micungire, imikorere n’ubuziranenge ni icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo kandi imwe mu ntego za “gahunda y’imyaka 14” inganda.Kugeza ubu, kuzamura no guhindura imikorere yubukorikori bwibikoresho byo murugo biratera imbere byihuse.
Mu bitekerezo ngenderwaho ku iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 14 y’Iteganyagihe, Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo ry’Ubushinwa ryasabye ko intego rusange y’iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu rugo mu Bushinwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu ari ugukomeza guteza imbere guhangana ku isi, guhanga udushya no kugira uruhare mu nganda, no kuba umuyobozi mu bikoresho byo mu rugo bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu guhanga udushya mu 2025. Nubwo hari ibibazo byose bitunguranye ndetse n’ibibazo bitunguranye, twizera tudashidikanya ko igihe cyose dufite icyizere gihamye kandi tugakurikiza udushya twatewe, guhinduka no kuzamura, tuzagera ku ntego zacu.
Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu Bushinwa
Gashyantare 2022
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-17-2022